abraham (pbuh) left of the land of iraq heading to the blessed land, the land of palestine. the torah mentioned that he was seventy-five years old, and he had no children. he left after god had given him good news and said: " and i will make of you a great nation, and i will bless you and make your name great, so that you will be a blessing…..and in you all the families of the earth shall be blessed . " (genesis: 12/2-3).

in the land of palestine, hagar (sarah's servant) became pregnant with her son ishmael (pbuh). the torah mentions sarah's jealousy of hagar for having a child, while sarah was deprived of children and offspring until that time.

at that time, sarah humiliated hagar, and hagar had to escape from her mistress " and the angel of the lord said to her, “behold, you are pregnant and shall bear a son. you shall call his name ishmael, because the lord has listened to your affliction. he shall be a wild donkey of a man, his hand against everyone and everyone's hand against him, and he shall dwell over against all his kinsmen. " (genesis: 16/11-12), the angel gave her good news of a great son who will dominate over everyone, but sometimes it will be the opposite of that, and he will be dominated by everyone.

hagar gave birth to her son ishmael (pbuh), he was the eldest of abraham's children " abram was eighty-six years old when hagar bore ishmael to abram . " (genesis: 16/16).

when abraham (pbuh) turned ninety-nine, as the torah tells us, god renewed his blessing on him ". i am god almighty; walk before me and be blameless. that i may make my covenant between you and me, and may multiply you greatly… for i have made you the father of a multitude of nations.  and i will make you exceedingly fruitful, and i will make you into nations, and kings shall come from you. and i will establish my covenant between you and me, and your offspring after you throughout their generations for an everlasting covenant " (genesis: 17/1-8).

when god tested abraham (pbuh) by commanding him to sacrifice his only son at that time - ishmael (pbuh)-, they both accepted and obeyed the order of god. " and the angel of the lord called to abraham a second time from heaven and said, “by myself i have sworn, declares the lord, because you have done this and have not withheld your son, your only son: " (genesis: 22/1-17).

abraham (pbuh) asked god to make his son ishmael righteous: " and abraham said to god, “o that ishmael might live before you! " (genesis: 17/18)

god accepted his prayer, and told him that ishmael would be blessed and so will another son god will give him. god had given him the good news of the birth of isaac from his wife sarah when god said: “i will bless her, and moreover, i will give you a son by her. i will bless her, and she shall become nations; kings of peoples shall come from her. …….and you shall call his name isaac. i will establish my covenant with him as an everlasting covenant for his offspring after him. as for ishmael, i have heard you; behold, i have blessed him and will make him fruitful and multiply him greatly. he shall father twelve princes, and i will make him into a great nation . " (genesis: 17/16-20)

isaac (pbuh) was fourteen years younger than ishmael (pbuh) “ abraham was a hundred years old when his son isaac was born to him . " (genesis: 21/5)

abraham (pbuh) had other children from his wife keturah, but god did not promise blessings for them " abraham took another wife, whose name was keturah. she bore him zimran, jokshan, medan, midian, ishbak, and shuah. " (genesis: 25/1-2), therefore, no prophets came from their children because they were not promised blessings.

what is mentioned in the torah in this regard agrees to large extent with what the quran says. the quran indicates blessings and a covenant to abraham for the righteous from his offspring from his two blessed sons ishmael and isaac: { and (remember) when the lord of ibrâhim (abraham) [i.e., allâh] tried him with (certain) commands, which he fulfilled. he (allâh) said (to him), "verily, i am going to make you a leader (prophet) of mankind." [ibrâhim (abraham)] said, "and of my offspring (to make leaders)." (allâh) said, "my covenant (prophethood, etc.) includes not zâlimûn (polytheists and wrong-doers). " } (al-baqara: 124).

god mentioned the blessing of the two sons and that it was conditional on " i am god almighty; walk before me, and be blameless. (genesis: 17/1-2). there will be righteous people, who deserve rewards, and some will be wrong and they will get nothing from the covenant when he spoke about ishmael: { we blessed him and ishâque (isaac), and of their progeny are (some) that do right, and some that plainly wrong themselves. } (al-saffat: 113).

this agrees with what comes in the torah. when it indicates that the covenant and choice comes on the condition of good deeds, and the blessing that god gave to abraham was because of his good deeds. " i will multiply your offspring as the stars of heaven and will give to your offspring all these lands. and in your offspring all the nations of the earth shall be blessed; " (genesis: 26/4).

the blessings on abraham's children continue according to that condition " walk before me, and be blameless. that i may make my covenant between you and me, and may multiply you greatly. " (genesis: 17/1-2), and as he said about him and his blessed offspring: " seeing that abraham shall surely become a great and mighty nation, and all the nations of the earth shall be blessed in him? for i have chosen him, that he may command his children and his household after him to   keep the way of the lord by doing righteousness and justice, so that the lord may bring to abraham what he has promised him . ” (genesis: 18/18-19). therefore, obeying god's commands is the reason for this blessing, as god said to abraham: " and in your offspring shall all the nations of the earth be blessed, because you have obeyed my voice . " (genesis: 22/18).

according to this condition, the blessing and covenant were granted to the sons of levi " so shall you know that i have sent this command to you, that my covenant with levi may stand, says the lord of hosts. my covenant with him was one of life of and peace, and i gave them to him. it was a covenant of fear, and he feared me. he stood in awe of my name.  true instruction was in his mouth, and no wrong was found on his lips. he walked with me in peace and uprightness, and he turned many from iniquity. for the lips a priest should guard knowledge, and people should seek instruction from his mouth, for he is the messenger of the lord of hosts . "  (malachi: 2/4-7).

the blessing of god is for the righteous, and his curse is the unbelievers’ share. god said to moses:

" see, i am setting before you today a blessing and a curse.  the blessing, if you obey the commandments of the lord your god, which i command you today. and the curse, if you do not obey the commandments of the lord your god, but turn aside from the way that i commanding you today. to go after other gods that you have not known . " (deuteronomy: 11/26-28).

again, god said to moses, " you shall therefore be careful to do the commandments and the statutes and the rules that i command you today. and because you listen to these rules and keep and do them, the lord your god will keep with you the covenant and the steadfast love that he swore to your fathers : " (deuteronomy: 7/11-13), (see also deuteronomy: 28/1-68). as such, the blessing of god is conditional on obeying him and following his religion. when the children of israel drifted away from it, god showered them with curses and losses.

indeed, the blessing on abraham started with his second son isaac, but that does not mean that ishmael had no share. " but i will establish my covenant with isaac, whom sarah shall bear to you at this time next year . " (genesis: 17/21).

the torah mentions that after sarah weaned isaac, hagar immigrated with her son. " and god heard the voice of the boy; and the angel of god called to hagar from heaven and said to her, “what troubles you, hagar? fear not, for god has heard the voice of the boy where he is. up, lift up the boy, and hold him fast with your hand, for i will make him into a great nation. then god opened her eyes, and she saw a well of water. and she went and filled the skin with water and gave the boy a drink. and god was with the boy, and he grew up. he lived in the wilderness and became an expert with the bow. he lived in the wilderness of paran, and his mother took a wife for him from  the land of egypt. " (genesis: 21/17-21).

the torah ignores ishmael's privilege in the blessed water well (zamzam) in makkah, and indicates that the immigration story happened in bir sabaa south of palestine, where it calls it "paran wilderness" 1 .

regarding the promised blessing on abraham’s two sons, what was that blessing that god gave isaac and ishmael? it is with no doubt the blessing of the prophet-hood, the message and the dominion ordered by god and representing him. { and indeed we gave the children of israel the scripture, and the understanding of the scripture and its laws, and the prophet hood; and provided them with good things, and preferred them above the 'alamîn (mankind and jinns) (of their time, during that period ), } (al-jathiah: 16).

the jews and christians consider that, the promise to isaac is an eternal promise and that it will not be transferred to anyone but them. saying: “ god said, “no, but sarah, your wife shall bear you a son, and you shall call his name isaac. i will establish my covenant with him as an everlasting covenant for his offspring after him.…… but i will establish my covenant with isaac, whom sarah shall bear to you at this time next year . ”(genesis: 17/19-21) they understand that the word (forever) means that the covenant is for the children of israel until the day of judgment. that it is unconditional and not related to their righteousness by following the commands of god.

however, the word (forever) does not necessarily mean continuation until the day of judgment, but only means a period of time. the torah uses this word several times and with the same meaning.

in the book of kings: “ therefore the leprosy of naaman shall cling to you and to your descendants forever. ” (2 kings: 5/27) here, (forever) is not meaning eternity, otherwise we would see his offspring today as a large nation procreating and infected with leprosy.

in the book of chronicles, “ he said to me, “it is solomon your son who shall build my house and my courts, for i have chosen him to be my son, and i will be his father. ” (chronicles 1:28/6) their kingdom ended after about twenty five hundred years at the hands of nebuchadnezzar the babylonian, so eternity here meant just a long period.

the book of deuteronomy times “forever” to be equal to ten generations. it says, “ yes, he loved his people; all his holy ones were in his hand, so they followed in your steps, receiving direction from you.  when moses commanded us a law, as a possession for the assembly of jacob . ” (deuteronomy: 33/3-4) the eleventh generation of the moabites was not deprived from the group of the lord, and is not beyond eternity and judgment day.

similar to it, what daniel said to nebuchadnezzar: “ then daniel said to the king, “king, live forever. ” (daniel: 6/21) meaning live long

the blessing has been replaced with curses and expelling. god despised them and replaced them with others after they denied his law “ and now, o priests, this command is for you.  if you will not listen, if you will not take it to heart to give honor to my name, says the lord of hosts, then i will send the curse upon you and i will curse your blessings. indeed, i have already cursed them, because you do not lay it to heart.  behold, i will rebuke your offspring, and spread dung on your faces.” (malachi: 2/1-3)

based on that, we say that the covenant started with isaac (pbuh), and is an eternal promise extended to further generations, which ended when god sent prophets to the children of israel, sent books to them, supported them with his power, conquering the neighboring nations, and established for them a victorious kingdom for some time.

jews and christians agree with muslims that isaac’s (pbuh) blessing resulted in the prophet-hood, the kingdom, the book, the abundance and prevailing; but they considered that ishmael’s (pbuh) promise and blessing resulted in abundance only. “ and as for ishmael, i have heard thee: behold, i have blessed him, and will make him fruitful, and will multiply him exceedingly; twelve princes shall he beget, and i will make him a great nation. ” (genesis: 17/20).

this favoritism is against what comes in the scriptures. it does not favor neither in words nor in meaning between the blessed brothers. hence, the blessing of ishmael is the same as isaac’s blessing, prophet-hood, book, kingdom and abundance. when was this blessing implemented? when did all this happen to ishmael?

we say that this did not happen to him until our prophet, who is from ishmael’s offspring, was sent. it transformed his weak children and scattered tribes into a great kingdom that ruled the world. they had the prophet-hood and the book, implementing what god had promised abraham and hagar to their son ishmael.

if not, when did ishmael’s (pbuh) blessings happen? the blessing that the scripture mentioned about him, saying: “ and god saw the earth, and behold, it was corrupt, for all flesh had corrupted their way on the earth . ” (genesis 6/12) meaning that he will at one time win and dominate everyone and everyone will dominate him in another time.

arab muslims dominated the nations by muhammad (pbuh) and his nation. before that, they were the most humiliated and the weakest among nations. they were the last, to be blessed by god, because there cannot be blessings to atheist, unjust and cruel tribes who gather to worship idols.

if we look at the old hebrew scriptures, which talk about ishmael, we find a passage concerning gematria. saying, “as for ishmael, i have heard you; behold, i have blessed him and will make him fruitful and multiply him greatly (mad mad). he shall father twelve princes, and i will make him into a great nation. (lajwi jadwal)” (genesis 17:20) the words (mad mad) and (lajwi jadwal)  are two symbols used in place of the prophet’s name (pbuh). the word (mad mad) -according to gematria 1 which concerns the jews who use it in their books and prophecies- is equal to 92, and likewise the word “lajwi jadwal” is equal to the word “muhammad”.

al samawal, one of the jewish rabbis who reverted to islam, had mentioned this issue, and so did the guided rabbi abdul salam in his dissertation “the guiding message”.

what came in the book of genesis about the blessings amongst the arabs had implemented in the prophet-hood and the kingdom that god gave to them. this is the main arguing point between us, and the people of the book, (the jews and the christians). it is the main introduction to the prophecies of the holy bible. muslims believe that many of the torah’s verses, noticed by them, are prophecies about the messenger muhammad (pbuh). the christians see many of these verses as prophecies of jesus or other prophets of the jews, and they refuse to extend them outside the children of israel.

who is the blessed slaughtered? and where is the blessed land?

the torah told the story of god’s commandment to abraham to slaughter his only son, and instead of calling him ishmael, it called him isaac, and because of this change, the time and the place, where the story occurred, has changed.

some of what comes in the torah is as follows:

“ he said, “take your son, your only son isaac, whom you love, and go to the land of moriah;……. and went to the place of which god had told him…. he said, “don’t lay your hand on the boy or do anything to him, for now i know that you fear god, , seeing you have not withheld your son, your only son, from me….. so abraham called the name of that place, “the lord will provide”; as it is said to this day, “on the mount of the lord it shall be provided.” i will surely bless you, and i will surely multiply your offspring as the stars of heaven and as the sand that is on the seashore. and your offspring shall posses the gate of his enemies, and in your offspring shall all the nations of the earth be blessed thy seed shall all the nations of the earth be blessed, because you have obeyed my voice. ” (genesis: 22/1-18).

as mentioned earlier, there are several prophecies of the coming of the prophet muhammad (pbuh), and we can see the hand of alteration and prejudice trying to conceal these prophecies.

it is a clear alteration to insert the name of isaac, who was never the only son of abraham, instead of ishmael. describing the slaughtered as “the only son” repeated three times, and we have seen that ishmael was the only son of abraham for fourteen years.

the fact that ishmael was abraham’s first son is kept even though he was the son of hajar, sarah’s servant, whom he took as a wife later. the status of the mother does not change the fact that he was the first son, nor does it change his status.

in the torah, “ if a man has two wives, the one loved and the other unloved, and both the loved and the unloved have borne him children, and if the firstborn son belongs to the unloved. then on the day when he assigns his possessions as an inheritance to his sons, he may not treat the son of the loved as the firstborn in preference to the son of the unloved, who is the firstborn,  but he shall acknowledge the firstborn, the son of the unloved, by giving him a double portion of all that he has, for he is the first fruits of his strength. the right of the firstborn is his . ” (deuteronomy: 21/15-17) this divine command to the children of israel expresses god’s justice, and israel should be the first to implement it. was god unjust to ishmael the son of the servant? did he contradict the justice that he will impose over his servants?

among the evidence, proving that isaac was not the slaughtered is that abraham was promised blessings and offspring before isaac was even born. that he will be as many as the number of the stars. (see genesis 17/21) the command to slaughter him was not a test, because he knew that this son would have a blessed offspring.

jesus, according to barnabas’ bible, which we use here only as a supportive quotation, stated this. the disciples said to him, “ o master, it is written in the book of moses, that the promise was made in isaac." jesus answered with a groan: "it is so written, but moses did not write it, nor joshua, but rather our rabbis, who do not fear god! truly i say to you, that if you consider the words of the angel gabriel, you shall discover the malice of our scribes and doctors …..." how is isaac firstborn, if when isaac was born ishmael was seven years old? ” (barnabas: 44/1-11), and in the common torah, there were fourteen years between them (see genesis: 16/16, 21/5).

therefore, the slaughtered one is ishmael and god’s mountain is located in the land he lived in, and the blessing is preserved for abraham in his offspring after he surrendered to the command of god and almost went ahead to slaughter his only son.

jews and christians have altered the name of the slaughtered, and they altered the name of the holy place in which the story took place.  the samaritan torah called it “the guided land”, while the hebrew torah called it “al marya” and possibly it is an alteration of the word “al marwa”, which is the name of a mountain located inside the holy mosque in mecca that is the place, where ishmael grew up.

both the hebrew and samaritan texts agree on calling this location “god’s mountain”, and that name was not used for any place at that time; therefore, the jews did not agree in specifying its location. the samaritans said: it is the mountain of garzeem. the hebrews said that it is the mountain of jerusalem, on which the tabernacle was built several centuries after the story (chronicles 2:3-1).

in the holy bible’s dictionary, doctor post says, “most people think that the location of the tabernacle is the same location where abraham was getting ready to sacrifice isaac; however, according to the samaritan tradition the location to slaughter isaac was on the mountain of garzeem. 1  

the jesuit priesthood edition proofreaders say, “the second book of chronicles (3/1) matches between morya and alrabya over which the jerusalem tabernacle will be built. however, the text points to a land by the name of morya, that is not mentioned in any other location and the slaughtering location remains unknown”.

the fact is that the location is known, because the slaughtering story took place in the guided land, which is the land of worship, and that is mecca or paran.  their disagreement is proof that this is right, and their agreement that the name of the location is god’s mountain is correct. however, their disagreement on locating the place was due to their guessing, and they have connected it to names that only appeared several centuries after the incident. they have ignored the holy house that was built in this spot at that time, and it was called god’s house, just as the mountain in that spot was called god’s mountain.

this disagreement remains one of the most important disagreements that distinguish the samaritans and the hebrews. jesus realized this disagreement, as at one time a samaritan woman went to him, and asked him about the real location designated for worship. jesus told her that the place is not the samaritan garzeem mountain nor was it the hebrew aybal mountain on which the tabernacle was built. the woman said to him: " sir, i perceive that you are a prophet. our fathers worshiped on this mountain, but you say that in jerusalem is the place where the people ought to worship." jesus said to her, “woman, believe me, the hour is coming when neither on this mountain nor in jerusalem will you worship the father. you worship what you do not know; we worship what we know, for salvation is from the jews. but the hour is coming, and is now here, when true worshipers will worship the father in spirit and truth, for the father is seeking such people to worship him. god is spirit, and those who worship him must worship in spirit and truth. ".” (john: 4/19-24).

who are the true people who prostrate in a direction other than the one of the samaritans and the hebrews? they are the new nation that has not been born yet, because no other nation claimed holiness of their prayer's direction other than muslims, the direction in which millions of muslims travel every year.

the words uttered by jesus, about the time of the true prostrates “but the hour is coming, and is now here”, meaning soon not immediately. in matthew: " jesus said to him, “you have said so. but i tell you, from now on you will see the son of man seated at the right hand of power and coming on the clouds of heaven.” (mathew: 26/64) and all the addressed have died and no longer exist, and they did not see him coming on the clouds.

similarly, jesus said: " and he said to him, “truly, truly, i say to you, you will see heaven opened, and the angels of god ascending and descending on the son of man." (john: 1/51), and see (samuel 1: 15/28).

the prophet micah mentioned mecca, the holy mosque and people going for pilgrimage to the mountain of arafat. " it shall come to pass in the latter days that the mountain of the house of the lord shall be established as the highest of the mountains, and it shall be lifted up above the hills; and peoples shall flow to it. and many nations shall come, and say, “come, let us go up to the mountain of the lord, " (micah: 4/1-2).

the prophet isaiah called makkah "the barren” and talked about the crowds that will come to it. he promised them safety, blessings and glory. he said: " sing, o barren one, who did not bear; break forth into singing and cry aloud, you who have not been in labor,  for the children of the desolate one will be more than the children of her who is married,” says the lord.  enlarge the place of your tent, and let the curtains of your habitations be stretched out; do not hold back; lengthen your cords and strengthen your stakes; for you will spread abroad to the right and to the left, and your offspring will possess the nations and will people the desolate. fear not, for you will not be ashamed; be not confounded, for you will not be disgraced; for you will forget the shame of your youth, and the reproach of your widowhood you will remember no more. for your maker is your husband, the lord of hosts is his name; and the holy one of israel is your redeemer, the god of the whole earth he is called. for the lord has called you like a wife deserted and grieved in spirit, like a wife of youth, when she is cast off, says your god. for a brief, i deserted you, but with great compassion i will i gather you.   in overflowing anger for a moment i hid my face from you, but with everlasting love i will have compassion on you,” says the lord, your redeemer. “this is like the days of noah to me: as i swore that the waters of noah should no more go over the earth, so i have sworn that i will not be angry with you, and will not rebuke you. for the mountains may depart, and the hills be removed, but my steadfast love shall not depart from you, and my covenant of peace shall not be removed,” says the lord, who has compassion on you.  o afflicted one, storm-tossed and not comforted, behold, i will set your stones in antimony, and lay your foundations with sapphires.  i will make your pinnacles of agates, your gates of carbuncles, and all your wall of precious stones.  all your children shall be taught by the lord, and great shall be the peace of your children. in righteousness you shall be established; you shall be far from oppression; for you shall not fear; and from terror; for it shall not come near you. if anyone stirs up strife, it is not from me; whoever stirs up strife with you shall fall because of you. behold, i have created the smith who blows the fire of coals and produces a weapon for its purpose. i have also created the ravager to destroy; no weapon that is fashioned against you shall succeed, and you shall confute every tongue that rises against you in judgment. this is the heritage of the servants of the lord, and their vindication from me, declares the lord." (isaiah: 54/1-17).

there is a comparison between jerusalem and makkah in the text, he called makkah "the barren" because it did not give any prophet before the prophet muhammad (pbuh). it cannot be that he used "the barren" for the jerusalem, because it is the house of prophets and the core of revelation. one may say that if the prophecy about ishmael happened in makkah, then, the word “barren" will not be used. what it means is a comparison between him (mohammad pbuh) and the prophets of jerusalem.

isaiah’s saying: for the children of the desolate one will be more than the children of her who is married” means that its children or its visitors are more than those of jerusalem. these words, “the children of the desolate” indicate the children of ishmael, who has a description in the torah as a " and the angel the lord said to her, “behold, you are pregnant and shall bear a son. you shall call his name ishmael, because the lord has listened to your affliction. he shall be a wild donkey of a man, his hand against everyone and everyone’s hand against him, and he shall dwell over against all his kinsmen. " (genesis: 16/11-12).

psalms also talk about the city of the savior messiah, the blessed city that has the house of god where the rewards are multiple. good deeds in this city are equal to thousands in other cities, and he called it by its real name (baca). it says, " blessed are those who dwell in your house, ever singing your praise. selah. blessed are those whose strength is in you, in whose heart are the highways to zion. as they go through the valley of baca, they make it a place of springs; the early rain also covers it with pools. they go from strength to strength; each one appears before god in zion. o lord, god of hosts, hear my prayer, give ear. o god of jacob, selah.  behold our shield, o god;  look on the face of your anointed . for a day in your courts is better than a thousand elsewhere.  i would rather be a doorkeeper in the house of my god than dwell in the tents of wickedness. " (psalms: 84/4-10).

the hebrew text called it baca, saying, [ בְּעֵמֶק הַבָּכָא ] , and it reads: (be’eamaq habaka), meaning the valley of baca. the text as it appears in the catholic translation is as follows: " passing through the valley of tears, they make it a place of springs . for the lawgiver shall give a blessing, they shall go from virtue to virtue: the god of gods shall be seen in zion " (psalms 84/6-7).

this great name (baca) is muhammad's (pbuh) hometown name. the name that the holy quran uses to name the holy town of makkah { verily, the first house (of worship) appointed for mankind was that at bakkah (makkah), full of blessing, and a guidance for al-'alamîn (the mankind and jinns ). } (al-emran: 96) the blessing of this house is the multiple rewards that god gives its residents and visitors. one prayer (as muhammad (pbuh) said) is equal to more than one thousand prayers anywhere else [1] , and that agrees with what comes in psalm: " for a day in your courts is better than a thousand elsewhere ."

however, the holy bible’s scholars will not agree that “the weeping valley” is baca valley. they changed the "baca valley" from a geographical name to a degraded idea; you will not be able to find its location on any map. they say, "regarding the weeping valley that is mentioned in psalms 84:6 it is possibly a geographical location. however, it is probably a thought that has a deep meaning, as those who have a good experience with the lord, with his blessings, the misery in their lives will turn into joy". 1

however, some international translations have deleted the name (baca and the weeping valley) completely, replacing it with the word (the balsan valley) as in the jesuit priesthood edition and other editions, in doing that they depended on old writings.

in the jesuit priesthood edition, the jesuit fathers comment on why they use the phrase "the balsan valley": "the balsan valley" in old translations and in some of the writings "the weeping valley” and the pronunciation of the two are the same". 2

in spite of the deliberate alteration of changing the name (baca) to (the weeping or the balsan valley), there is clear evidence that these two words, which used commonly in the editions and translations, are an indication to mecca and no other. 

baca was named after the balsan tree, from which glue that looks like tears is extracted. these trees grow in makkah as stated by the holy bible’s scholars. the writers of the holy bible’s dictionary say about the weeping trees: "maybe it meant the balsam trees or something similar to it. in the arab countries, near makkah, trees with that name can be found, similar to the balsam or balsan trees, and it has a hot white juice, it was named the weeping tree, because these trees produce glue, or in relation to the mist drops that fall on it". 3

the clerical knowledge encyclopedia gives us affirmation that the valley of balsan is the valley of makkah, it says, “the original balsan that was mentioned by the old authors, it is "makkah's balsam" which egypt still imports from the arabian peninsula as in the old times. it is the juice of the tree that is scientifically known as (balsamo dendron apabatsmum) which grows in the south of the arabian peninsula and in abyssinia. it is a small tree with an irregular shape, its bark is yellow, the same as that of the plane-tree ". 4