the archers squad whom the messenger of allâh [pbuh] located on the archers mountain, had the upper hand in administering the war activities to go in favour of the muslim army. the makkan horsemen — commanded by khalid bin al-waleed, supported by abu ‘amir al-fâsiq — had for three times attacked the left wing of the muslim army with the aim of crushing it and then infiltrating into the rear to create a sort of confusion and disorder in the ranks of the muslims and subsequently inflict heavy defeat on them. but thanks to the dexterity and great efforts of the archers, the three assaults were thwarted.[fath al-bari 7/346]